• Urban II, pope, 211, 217, 251, 267
• Urbanization, 379, 495, 503–504, 532, 560, 851, 853, 855, 858, 860, 862, 864, 884, 905
• Urdu, 310
• Uruguay, 549, 681, 867
• Uruk, 26–28
• USSR, 671, 674, 778, 904
• Utilitarianism, 504, 508–509
• Utopia,
  • More, 359
• Uzbeks, 671, 721

V

• Vaccination, 509, 519, 767, 903
• Valencia, 219
• Valley of Mexico, 102, 108–109
• Valley of the Kings, 51
• Vandals, 170, 194
• Varna, 66
• Varuna, 67
• Vassal, 198–199, 222, 225–226, 242, 251, 336, 394
• Veda, 65–66
• Veiling, 260
• Venezuela, 548, 588, 635, 681, 834, 867, 869, 883, 896
  • independence for, 549, 587
• Venezuela, independence for, 587
• Venice, 92, 191, 212, 217–219, 229, 249, 253, 277, 287, 322–323, 352, 372–373, 429, 476, 490, 543, 557
• Venus, 901
• Verdun, treaty of, 843, 195–196
• Vernacular, 231, 234, 237, 350–351, 358–359, 364
• Versailles, 426, 433, 441, 467, 469–470, 472–473, 484, 491, 553, 658, 664
• Versailles treaty, 708–709, 725, 727–728, 739, 741, 750
• Versailles, treaty of, 664
• Vespucci, Amerigo, 387
• Viceroy, 397, 402, 419, 422, 548, 588, 610, 612, 693
• Viceroyalties, 548
• Vichy, 744, 748, 760, 769
• Vichy government, 753
• Victor Emmanuel II, 558–560, 714
• Victoria, Queen, 561, 563, 566, 591, 601
• Victoria Falls, 601
• Vienna, 191, 250, 277, 279, 427, 429, 436, 442, 484, 487–492, 502, 542–543, 557, 579, 649, 651, 653, 662, 674, 726, 741
• Viet Cong, 796–798
• Viet Minh, 796
• Vietnam, 73, 86, 92, 97, 315, 322–323, 326, 341, 343–345, 512, 627, 773, 779, 798, 800, 806–807
  • France in, 788, 824
  • Ho Chi Minh and, 796–797, 799
  • independence of, 788
• Vietnam War, 796, 798–801, 807
• Vikings, 197
• Villa, Pancho, 679
• Vindication of the Rights of Woman, A, 455
• Virgil, 173–174, 351
• Virginia, colony, 407–408
• Viruses, 860
• Vishnu, 70, 344
• Visigoths, 170, 193
• Vitamin C, 386
• Vitry, Jacques de, 232
• Vizier, 47–48, 55, 271
• Vladimir, 244–245, 668
• Voltaire, 435, 452, 454, 456, 459, 469
• Voting rights, women and, 522

W

• Wafd, 686
• Wagram, battle of, 486
• Wahhabism, 834
• Walesa, Lech, 801, 803–804, 808
• Walpole, Robert, 451
• War,
  • Bonaparte, Napoleon, 425
  • Cold War, 773–774, 779, 794, 796, 806, 808
  • Russo-Japanese War, 698
  • Sino-Japanese War, 739
  • trench warfare, 645, 652, 673
• War Communism, 670–671
• War elephants, 149, 163, 309
• War guilt clause, 725
• War of 1812, 485
• War of the Austrian Succession, 435, 437–438
• War of the Spanish Succession, 434, 460
• War on Terror, 876
• Warfare,
  • and Islam, 261
• Warring States, 89
• Wars of Religion, 366, 373, 426, 430, 434
• Warsaw Pact, 774, 776–777, 779, 802, 804–805, 808, 873
• Washington, George, 460, 462–463, 471
• Waste Land, The, 705
• Water frame, 500
• Water Margin, The, 325
• Waterloo, 484, 487–488, 491
• Watt, James, 496, 498
• Wealth of Nations, 509
  • Smith, 456, 508
• weaponry, 283, 594
• Weapons,
  • gunpowder and, 276, 290, 412, 470
  • guns, 654
  • Mongols and, 321
• Weather, 101, 213, 387, 429, 739, 792, 901
• Weaving, 458, 526
• Weimar Constitution, 727
• Weimar Republic, 725–726, 730
• Welfare, 550, 555, 566, 588, 669, 753, 786–788, 808
• Welfare state, 783, 787–788, 808
• Wesley, John, 506
• West,
  • technology, 395
• West Africa,
  • and Islam, 267, 284, 289
  • and Islamic, 288
  • Gold Coast, 413, 601, 822
  • regions of, 416, 598
  • slave trade, 264, 295, 411, 413, 416, 423, 460, 594, 599–601, 603
• West Africa, forest region of, 599
• West Indies, 385, 388, 397, 402, 413, 460–461, 685
• West Nile virus, 888
• Western Christianity, 210
• Western Europe,
  • banking in, 572
  • Christianity in, 193, 203, 207, 210
  • economics of, 786
  • feudalism in, 243
  • rise of, 172
  • trade in, 350, 790
  • women of, 217
• Western Front, 652–655, 657, 660, 662, 708
• Western Science, 696
• Westernization, 435, 619, 641, 687
  • of Russia, 439, 492
• Wheat, 11, 46, 64, 78–79, 191, 243, 417–419, 468, 564, 630, 635, 718, 747
• Wheel, invention of, 904
• Wheelbarrow, invention of, 94
• Whig, 451, 461, 562
• Whitby, 499
• Whitney, Eli, 496, 500
• Wilberforce, William, 565, 587
• William II, Kaiser, 550, 555
• William III, 449
• William the Conqueror, 221–224, 236
• Wilson, Woodrow, 645, 659, 662, 679
• Winds, 27, 63, 270, 294, 325, 337, 342, 385, 387–388, 429, 497, 539, 630, 654, 711, 887
• witch hunts, 372–373
• Witchcraft, 239, 241, 373
• Wollstonecraft, Mary, 455, 491, 522
• Women,
  • as rulers, 17, 29, 35, 106, 150, 291, 299, 355, 391
  • Athenian, 135–136
  • Buddhism and, 72
  • Egyptian, 53
  • Enlightenment, 455

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