• towns,
  • population of, 212–213, 286, 498
  • Roman, 213, 235
• Townshend, Charles, 497
• Toyotomi Hideyoshi, 337
• Trade,
  • diffusion and, 18
  • in India, 77, 293–294, 309, 326, 341, 391, 482, 612, 815, 857
  • in silk, 88, 167, 212, 270
  • in Western Europe, 350, 790
  • Russian, 244
• Trade routes,
  • Mediterranean and, 197
  • Pax Mongolica, 322
  • triangular trade and, 413
• Trade, fur, 212, 406–407
• Trajan, 166
• Trans-Saharan slave trade, 264
• Trans-Siberian Railway, 514, 584
• Transportation,
  • in early civilization, 282
• Transylvania, 429, 436, 490
• Treasure Fleets, 404
• Treaties,
  • of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848), 575
  • of Verdun (843), 195–196
  • of Versailles (1919), 664
  • Strategic Arms Limitation (1979), 778
• Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, 660, 670
• Treaty of Friendship, 793
• Treaty of Nanjing, 616
• Treaty of Paris, 406, 410, 460, 463
• Treaty of Tordesillas, 384, 387–388
• Treaty of Utrecht, 434, 460
• Treaty of Versailles, 645, 658, 664–666, 673, 688, 707–709, 725–726, 731, 738–739, 745, 829
• Treaty ports, 623
• Trench warfare, 645, 652–655, 673
• Triangular trade, 292, 411, 413–414, 416, 423
• Tribunes, 158, 160, 164, 185
• Tributary, 63, 314–315, 330, 344, 395, 599, 623
• Tribute system, 394
• Tripartite Pact, 701
• Tripitaka, 73–74
• Triple Alliance,
  • Germany, Austria, Italy, 646
• Triple Entente, 647
• Tripoli, 191, 217, 249, 253, 279, 284, 287, 296, 303, 352, 759
• Trojan Horse, 129
• Trojan War, 126, 128–130, 137
• Trotsky, Leon, 669
• Troy, 128–129, 149, 174
• Truman Doctrine, 774–776, 782, 800, 807
• Truman, Harry, 762, 764
• Truman, Harry S., 764
• Trung sisters, 344–345
• Truth, Sojourner, 520, 522
• Tsar, 246, 438, 440–442, 486, 488, 579, 582–587, 645, 650, 660–661, 667–668, 670–672, 674, 722
• Tsunami, 332, 337, 819, 880, 886, 892
  • tidal waves, 887
• Tuberculosis, 516, 518
• Tulips, 419
• Tunis, 191, 196, 249, 284, 287, 352, 760, 769
• Tunisia, 284, 602, 758–759, 823, 832, 844
  • French in, 601, 745, 748
• Turkey, 12, 26, 32, 36, 128, 169, 182, 216, 278, 385, 418, 649, 657, 665, 684, 686–687, 721, 726, 731, 745, 748, 759–760, 769, 775–777, 808, 830, 832–834, 836, 846, 874, 877–878, 907
  • in World War I, 648, 688, 690, 829
• Turkmenistan, 803
• Turks, 581
• Tutsi, 827
• Tutu, Desmond, 855–856
• Twelve Tables, 160
• Two Treatises of Government, 453
• Typhus, 418, 754
• Tyranny, 146, 364, 469–470, 476, 480, 748, 823
• Tyrants, 131, 134–135, 155, 447, 478, 823
• Tyre, 38, 44, 92, 149, 249

U

• U-boats, 652, 655, 659, 673
• Uganda, 601, 823, 844
• Uighur, 862
• Uji, 333
• Ukraine, 243–244, 579, 584, 670, 718–719, 721, 747, 803, 877
• Ulysses, 577
• Umayyads, 261, 263–266, 268, 271, 273
• Umma, 257
• Uncle Sam, 637
• Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, 671, 674, 721, 803
• United Arab Emirates, 830, 834–835, 841, 846
• United Arab Republic, 832
• United Nations, 762, 783, 793, 825, 837, 846, 876, 883, 893, 905, 907
  • Security Council, 767, 770
  • UN, 767
• United Provinces of Central America, 548
• United States,
  • as superpower, 806, 862, 875, 900
  • Bush, George W., 876, 897, 899
  • civil rights, 785–786, 874
  • civil rights movement of, 785–786
  • Civil War, 415, 503, 549, 570, 574, 576–578, 632, 670, 698, 740, 793, 800, 825–827, 833, 842, 869, 871, 876, 878, 888, 899
  • Cold War and, 773–784, 786, 789–790, 793–794, 796–797, 799–802, 805–807, 817, 820, 823, 825–826, 832, 838, 841, 869–870, 874–875, 878, 894, 900
  • Cold War era and, 773, 775–782, 784–787, 789–790, 793–795, 797–800, 802, 805–807
  • democracy, 154, 535, 575–578, 661, 748, 766, 775–776, 783, 785, 806, 870
  • education in, 152, 520, 576
  • expansion of, 487, 574–575, 578
  • Ford, 515
  • Guatemala and, interventions in, 682
  • immigration, 578, 870
  • imperialism, 591, 627, 635, 637, 639, 642, 744
  • Industrial Revolution and, 502–503, 509, 514–516, 520–523, 528, 541, 577, 587–588, 626, 629, 642
  • industrialization, 642
  • invasion of Iraq, 898
  • Iraq, invasion of, 841
  • Latin America and, interventions in, 635, 637, 682, 870, 872
  • Latin America, relations with, 682, 870
  • Lincoln, Abraham, 576
  • nationalism, 575–578, 682
  • New Deal, 702, 711–712, 784
  • Progressives, 587
  • September 11, 2001 attacks and, 898
  • slavery, 415, 522, 577
  • social reform, 480, 574, 679, 801
  • terrorism and, 894, 896–897, 899
  • terrorism and, response to, 897
  • Truman, 774–775
  • Vietnam War, 796, 798–801, 807
  • Western Societies in, 702, 712
  • Wilson, Woodrow, 662, 679
  • World War I, 657, 660–663, 666, 670, 673–674, 681–683, 685, 698, 702–703, 705, 708–712, 738, 744, 765, 775
  • World War II, 737–740, 744, 748–749, 753–757, 761–763, 765–767, 769, 774–775, 777, 779, 783, 786–787, 789, 794, 796, 805, 807, 817–818, 900
• Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 889, 907
• Universal male suffrage, 552, 562, 569, 571
• Universe, view of, 374
• Untouchables, 71, 691, 693
• Upanishads, 70
• Upper Egypt, 47
• Ur, 27–28, 31, 35, 41, 53
• Ural Mountains, 243, 441, 747
• Uranium, 704, 731, 894
• Urban II, 211, 217, 251, 267

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