• Issus, 149
• Istanbul, 276–277, 279, 296, 303, 581, 688, 731
• Italian Renaissance, 350, 352–356, 361
  • movement of, 351
• Italy,
  • Africa, colonies in, 38
  • Bonaparte, Napoleon, 479
  • city-state, 130, 159, 323, 352
  • democracy, 558–560, 716, 740
  • fascism, 713–716, 733
  • imperialism, 642
  • in the Middle Ages, 196
  • medieval, 227
  • nationalism, 535, 557–560, 579, 587, 716
  • Renaissance in, 350–353, 357, 373
  • Rome and, 158–159, 165, 168–170, 173, 186, 352, 543, 560
  • Triple Alliance, 646
  • unification of, 535, 557–560, 587
  • World War I, 655, 662, 713, 716, 733, 738, 775
  • World War II, 701, 739–740, 743, 748, 757, 760, 769–770, 807
• Iturbide, Agustín de, 548
• Ivan III, 247
  • Ivan the Great, 246
• Ivan IV,
  • Ivan the Terrible, 246–247
• Ivan the Great, 243, 246
• Ivan the Terrible, 243, 246–247
• Ivory, 31, 50, 64, 94, 127, 150, 167, 283, 292, 294–295, 301, 386, 389, 413, 599–600, 602
• Ivory Coast, 823, 844
• Izmir, 687–688, 731

J

• Jacob,
  • Israel, 42
• Jade, 82–83, 94, 103–105
• Jahangir, 312
• Jainism, 70
• Jains, 70, 693
• Jamaica, 549, 588, 635, 867
• James I, king of England, 445
• James II, 449, 453
• Jamestown, 407
• Japan,
  • and Buddhism, 334
  • and religion, 334
  • and Russo-Japanese War, 625, 698
  • Chinese influence on, 332, 334–335
  • democracy, 698, 740, 769, 773, 783–790
  • development of, 340, 623
  • expansion of, 701
  • imperialism, 617, 620–625, 698, 738
  • in Asia, 73, 97, 333–340, 442, 624, 700
  • industrialization, 624
  • islands of, 332–340, 617, 623, 656, 758, 763
  • isolationism, 396
  • Korea and, 73, 86, 96, 315, 322, 328–329, 332–334, 337, 385, 395–396, 617, 623–624, 697–698, 700, 721, 732, 763, 789, 794
  • map of, 395, 617, 700, 763
  • modernization of, 620–625
  • nationalism, 623, 695
  • population, 337, 851, 906
  • relations with China, 624
  • revolution in, 503, 585
  • Russo-Japanese war (1904–1905), 698
  • Sino-Japanese War and, 617, 701
  • wars in, 585, 623, 656, 698, 700, 737, 748–749, 761, 763–766, 788
  • World War II, 701, 737, 740, 748, 757, 763, 765–766, 768–770, 783, 788–789, 794, 796, 807, 817
  • Yamato clan of, 334
• Japan, early, 333–334, 624, 740
  • history of, 332
• Japan, Tokugawa, 620
• Japanese woodblock print, 621
• Java, 326, 341, 343–344, 626–627, 763
• Jaxartes, 149
• Jazz, 702–703, 705, 726, 729, 784
• Jefferson, Thomas, 234, 252, 453, 460, 462, 470, 475, 574
• Jericho, 9, 11–12, 838
• Jerusalem, 41–42, 44, 149, 178–181, 183, 191, 193, 199, 216–218, 249, 253, 262–263, 267, 273, 279, 293, 296, 303, 573, 656, 688, 731, 830–831, 837–840, 846
  • pilgrimages to, 294
• Jesuits, 325, 346, 371, 393
• Jesus, 157, 178–183, 204, 209, 216, 237, 258, 353–354, 868
• Jewish State, The, 572, 811, 830, 839, 846
• Jews, 179, 183, 727–728, 831
  • Roman, 181
• Jiang Jieshi, 677, 695–698
  • Chiang Kai-shek, 793
• Jiangxi, 697
• Jihad, 897, 906
• Jinnah, Muhammad Ali, 691–692, 812
• Joan of Arc, 241
• John, King, 221, 223–224, 229, 250
• John Paul II, pope, 804
• Johnson, Lyndon, 786, 797
• Jordan, 11, 688, 731, 830–832, 834, 836–840, 842, 846
• Joseph, 42
• Joseph II, of Austria, 459
• Joseph, Francis, 579–580, 647, 649
• Journey to the West, 441
• Joyce, James, 705
• Juana, 404
• Judah, 42–44
• Judaism, 25, 37, 40–45, 58, 179, 181, 185, 207, 258, 284, 294
  • development of, 186
  • monotheism, 57, 186
• Julian, 166
• Julius Caesar, 54, 163, 165–166, 361
• Junkers, 438, 551, 725
• Jupiter, 375, 901
  • god, 178
• Justinian, emperor, 191, 237
• Jute, 612–613
• Juárez, Benito, 632, 634

K

• Kaaba, 256–257
• Kabila, Joseph, 825
• Kabuki, 339–340, 347
• Kabul, 606
• Kadesh, 49
• Kaiser William II, 550, 555–556, 646–647, 649, 725
• Kalahari, 281
• Kalahari Desert, 822
• Kalidasa, 78
• Kalinga, 76
• Kamakura, 336–337
• Kami, 333
• Kamikaze, 762, 764
  • wind, 337
• Kaminaljuyu, 105
• Kana, 332, 335
• Kandinsky, Vasily, 706
• Kangxi, 394–395
• Kano, 287, 291
• Kant, Immanuel, 452
• Karakorum, 267
• Karma, 69–72
• Karnak, 55
• Kashgar, 92
• Kashmir, 812–813, 815, 845, 896
• Katanga, 821, 825–826
• Kazan, 246
• Keats, John, 526
• Kellogg-Briand Pact, 702, 709 1928, 708
• Kennedy, John F., 774, 780, 797
• Kenya, 8, 684–685, 733, 811, 822–824, 828, 844, 859, 897
• Kenyatta, Jomo, 821–822, 824
• Kepler, Johannes, 374–375
• Kerensky, Alexander, 669
• Khadija, 256–257
• Khaldun, Ibn, 269, 274
• Khan, 267
• Khanates, 247, 252
• Khazars, 248
• Khmer, 343–345
• Khmer people, 343
• Khmer Rouge, 796, 800
• Khomeini, Ayatollah Ruhollah, 833
• Khrushchev, Nikita, 774, 781
• Khufu, 48

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