• • Spartan, 133
  • Sumerian, 31
  • Vietnam, 345, 799
  • welfare states, 787
• Goya, Francisco, 486
• Grammar, 56, 232, 331, 351, 520
• Gran Colombia, 549, 587
• Granada, 219–220, 266–267
• Grand Army, 486–487, 747
• Grand Canal, 316–317, 323
  • China, 320
• Grand Duchy of Warsaw, 484, 486, 491
• Grand Vizier, 277–278
• Granicus River, 149
• Grapes, 92, 417–418
• Graphic, The, 251, 493, 770
• Gravity, law of, 378, 452
• Great Britain, 413, 461, 476, 478, 484, 488, 491–492, 553, 575, 642, 698, 751, 756
• Great Charter, 224
• Great Depression, 701, 710, 712, 716, 725–729, 739, 750, 753, 882 1930s, 681, 711, 876
  • in China, 732
  • in Japan, 700
  • in Latin America, 681–682, 711
  • in Soviet Union, 700, 709, 718, 732–733, 757, 876
  • Roaring Twenties and, 702
• Great Fear, 471
• Great Lakes, 117–118
• Great Leap Forward, 791–792, 795, 807
• Great Mosque, Kilwa, 295
• Great Northern War, 440
• Great Plains, 103, 117
• Great Purges, 720, 723, 733
• Great Pyramid, 48, 54, 289
• Great Rift, 282
• Great Schism, 203, 210, 240, 242
• Great Society, 786
• Great Sun, 118
• Great War, 560, 646, 652
  • Russian revolutions and, 649, 653–657, 662–663
• Great Zimbabwe, 287, 292, 296–297, 301
• Greco-Roman, 173, 207, 269, 409
• Greece,
  • ancient, 125, 131, 142, 159, 411
  • and democracy, 131, 141, 152
  • architecture, 152
  • democracy, ancient, 131
  • nationalism, 581
  • philosophy, 125, 173
  • Rome and, 30, 32, 152, 159, 169–170, 181, 186, 411, 543
  • science, 152
  • slavery of, 411
  • society in, 411
  • Sparta and, 125, 130, 133
  • trade in, 30, 126, 283
• Greece, ancient, 142
  • Athens, 125, 159
  • government, 131
  • philosophy, 125
  • society, 411
  • Sparta, 125
• Greece, classical, 30
• Greed, 72, 90, 164, 256, 317
• Greek alphabet, 39, 244
• Greek fire, 192–193
• Green Belt Movement, 859
• Green Revolution, 850, 852, 854, 863
• Gregory VII, pope, 207, 221, 227–228, 230
• Grey, Edward, 651
• Griots, 298, 302
• Gross domestic product,
  • GDP, 783, 789, 887
• Grosz, George, 726
• Guadalcanal, 763, 768
• Guadalupe Hidalgo, treaty of, 1848, 575
• Guano,
  • bird droppings, 629
• Guardians, 55, 114, 136–137, 259, 428
• Guatemala, 105, 107, 548–549, 588, 635, 682, 867
• Guernica, 740–741
• Guilds, 211, 215–216, 419–420
• Guillotine, 475, 478
• Gulf War, 841
• GUM, 274, 859
• Gunpowder, 87, 276, 290, 316–317, 322–323, 325, 388, 412, 470, 649
• Guns, 388, 398, 413, 600, 653–654, 759
• Gupta dynasty, 77
• Gupta Empire, 98
  • decline of, 78
  • India, 61, 77, 97, 308
• Guptas, 61, 79–80, 97–98
  • rule of, 77–78
• Guru, 311
• Gutenberg Bible, 360
• Gutenberg, Johannes, 357, 360–361

H

• Hacienda, 633, 678
• Hadrian, 128, 163, 166–167
• Hagia Sophia, 191, 278
• Haiku, 340
• Haiti, 1, 404, 548–549, 587–588, 635, 683, 780, 867, 870
  • independence from France, 547
  • revolution, 545–546, 682
• Hall of Mirrors, 433, 553, 658
• Hamas, 839–840, 846, 896
• Hammurabi, 32–34, 37
• Han China, 93–94
• Han dynasty, 91, 95, 98, 186
  • collapse of, 314
  • Confucianism, 93
• Hanfeizi, 90
• Hangul, 328, 331
• Hannibal, 163–164
• Hanoi, 344, 796, 798–799
• Hanseatic League, 212
• Harappa, 22, 62, 64
• Hargreaves, James, 500
• Harlem Renaissance, 702, 705
• Harnesses, 211, 500, 764
• Harvey, William, 377
• Hastings, battle of, 222 1066, 236
• Hatshepsut, 25, 46, 49
• Hatshepsut, Queen, 49
• Hausa, 290–291, 423, 598, 825
• Havana, 399, 413, 780
• Havel, Václav, 801, 804
• Hawaii, 575, 629, 631, 748–749, 879
• Health care, 519, 607, 697, 786–787, 853, 858, 864, 884, 886
• Hebrews, 40, 44–45, 208, 244, 249, 259, 445, 525, 722
• Heian, 332, 336
  • Kyoto, 333, 335
• Heliopolis, 49
• Hellenistic, 128, 150–152, 164, 167, 173, 175–176, 179
• Hellenistic period,
  • Alexander the Great and, 150
• Helots, 133
• Helsinki Accords, 889
• Henry II, king of England, 222
• Henry III, king of France, 368
• Henry IV, 221, 228, 230, 426, 430–431
• Henry the Navigator, 385
• Henry VIII, 368–369, 373, 444–445
• Heraclius, 191
• Herbal medicine, 301
• Hercules, 175
• herders, 15, 65, 194, 256, 277, 279, 282, 389, 612
• Herding, 8–9, 17, 102, 112, 243, 286, 299, 859
• Heredity, 6, 903
• Heresies, 178, 220, 225, 240, 363, 370–373
• Heretics, 225, 229, 279, 428
• Herodotus, 46, 138, 142, 146–147, 237
• Herzegovina, 581, 805, 878, 907
• Herzl, Theodor, 572, 689, 731
• Hezbollah, 839–841, 896
• Hidalgo, Miguel, 545, 547, 587
• Hierarchy, 26, 28–29, 33, 54, 56, 82, 86, 106, 108, 115, 183, 264, 310, 337, 364, 370, 537–538, 632
• Hieroglyphic writing, 104, 107, 110
• Hieroglyphics, 46, 53, 283
• Hieroglyphs, 53, 126–127
• High Middle Ages, 221
  • towns of, 222, 231
  • trade of, 231, 233

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