• Council of Elders, 12, 15, 66, 133, 318, 366
• Council of the Indies, 402
• Council of Trent, 368, 371
• Counter-Reformation, 370
• Covenant, 40–42, 57
• Cowrie shells, 300–301
• Cracow, 541, 804
• Cranach, Lucas, 365
• Cranmer, Thomas, 368–369
• Creoles, 397, 403, 545–549, 632
• Crete, 35–36, 44, 48–49, 126–127, 130, 139, 153, 161, 181, 193, 217, 253, 352, 430, 436
• Crick, Francis, 903
• Crimea, 583, 877
• Crimean War, 517, 558, 570, 579, 583, 607
• Croatia, 217, 250, 253, 760, 769, 805, 874, 878–879, 907
• Croats, 248, 250, 580–581, 729, 805, 877–878, 907
• Cromwell, Oliver, 444, 446–448, 451
• Crops,
  • in Africa, 417
• Crossbows, 199, 241
• Crow, 576
• Crucifixion, 180
• Crusades, 189, 211–220, 229, 249, 252–253, 371, 384, 786, 867
• Cruz, Juana Inés de la, 404
• Ctesiphon, 44
• Cuba, 397–398, 404, 512, 549, 588, 632, 635, 637, 682, 753, 773, 779–780, 801, 805, 867, 869–870
• Cuban, 638, 805, 826
  • independence, 683
• Cuban Missile Crisis, 780, 808
• Cubism, 706
• Cults, 178, 701
• Cultural diversity, 38, 63, 243
• Cultural exchange, 92, 322, 346
• Cultural Revolution, 791–792, 807
• Culture,
  • and globalization, 881
  • exchange of, 885
  • in Soviet Union, 721
  • material, 5, 122
  • Mediterranean, 55, 148
  • nationalism and, 539, 682, 830
  • spread of, 93, 148, 150, 154, 270, 342, 722
  • Sumerian, 30
  • Western, 111, 130, 439, 613, 641, 682
• Culture areas, of North America, 116–117, 119
• Culture, defined, 40
• Cuneiform, 26, 29–30, 35, 39, 64
• Curacas, 115
• Curie, Marie, 702, 704, 731
• Cuzco, 111, 113
  • valley, 112
• Cyprus, 44, 49, 161, 193, 217, 253, 688, 731, 759, 874
• Cyril, 244
• Cyrus the Great, 36, 43
• Czech Republic, 240, 435, 805, 873
• Czechoslovakia, 665, 708, 728–729, 740, 742–743, 745, 748, 751, 769, 775, 777, 804–805, 808
• Czechs, 240, 248, 363, 543, 580–581, 742, 874
• Cádiz, 219
• Cárdenas, Lázaro, 678, 680
• Córdoba, 193, 196, 217, 219, 253, 266–267, 269–270, 273–274

D

• D-Day, 737, 756, 760–761, 763, 769
• Dada, 702, 706
• Dahomey, 415, 423
• Daimyo, 621
• Daladier, Edouard, 742
• Dalai Lama, 791
• Damascus, 41, 44, 92, 149, 161, 191, 193, 196, 217, 249, 253, 262–263, 265, 267, 270, 273, 279, 606, 641, 688, 731, 830, 846, 899
• Dams, 17, 27, 284, 792, 824
• Dan Fodio, Usman, 598–599, 606
• Dante Alighieri, 231, 234–235
• Dao, 86
• Daoism, 61, 81, 85–88, 90, 92, 95–96, 344
• Dardanelles, 149, 607, 652, 656, 662, 775
• Darfur, 423, 821, 827–828, 844
• Darius, 36–38, 56, 138, 149
• Darius III, 149
• Darwin, Charles, 520, 524
• David, 40, 42
• Dawes Plan, 726
• De Gaulle, Charles, 745
• De Klerk, F. W., 855–856
• Death march, 762–763
• Debt slavery, 134–135, 155
• Deccan, 62–63, 75–77, 309, 312
• Declaration of Independence, 1, 450, 460, 462, 464, 492, 546, 575
  • U.S., 465
• Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen, 1, 466, 471–472
• Declaration of the Rights of Woman, 472
• Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, 186
• Defenestration of Prague, 436
• Defoe, Daniel, 458
• Deforestation, 610, 612, 858–859, 867, 886, 892
• Degas, Edgar, 528
• Delacroix, Eugene, 527
• Delhi, 296, 303, 308–310, 312–313, 606, 611
• Delhi Sultanate, 308–313, 347
• Delhi sultans, 310
• Delian League, 139, 141, 153
• Delos, 44, 139, 153
• Delphi, 137
• Democracy,
  • after World War II, 534, 737–738, 743, 769, 777
  • definition of, 153
  • Greek, ancient, 152, 409
  • in Athens, 125, 131, 134–136, 139, 153–154
  • limits of, 135–136, 409, 569, 575–576, 777
  • political parties and, 699
• Democratic Republic of Congo, 823, 825, 828, 844
• Deng Xiaoping, 861, 905
• Denmark, 197, 209, 372, 429, 436, 442, 476, 484, 488, 490–492, 502, 551–552, 651, 653, 665, 674, 745, 751–752, 777, 788, 808, 874
  • World War II, 744, 748, 760, 769
• Department stores, 517
• Descartes, René, 374–376, 380
• Desert peoples, 55
• Desertification, 281–282, 855, 859, 862, 892
• Dharma, 69, 72
  • wheel of, 70
• Diamond mining, 684
• Diaspora, 40, 44, 181, 689, 731
• Dice games, 65
• Dickens, Charles, 520, 527, 529
• Dictatorships, 632, 678, 714–715, 741, 769, 776, 825, 868
  • in Latin America, 872
• Diderot, Denis, 454
• Dien Bien Phu, 796–798
• Diet of Worms, 364
• Diffusion,
  • trade and, 18
• Dioceses, 183
• Diocletian, 163, 166, 169, 172
• Dionysus, 145
• Direct rule, 595
• Directory, 475, 478–479, 483
• Dirty war, 871
• Discourse on Method,
  • Descartes, 376
• Disease,
  • and children, 752, 852, 859
  • and health, 859, 887–888
  • and Native Americans, 398, 400, 402, 408, 418
  • spread of, 238–239, 663, 888
• Disraeli, Benjamin, 561, 563–564, 566, 608
• Divine Comedy, 234–235
• Divine right of kings, 433
• Diviners, 88, 301
• Divorce, 43, 53, 259, 369, 521

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