Index

A

• Aachen, 195-196
• Abbas the Great, 276, 279
• Abbas, Mahmoud, 839
• Abbasid caliphate, 263, 267
• Abbasid era, 271
• Abbasids, 261, 265–271, 277
• Abbot Suger, 235
• Aborigine, 629–631, 891
• Abraham, 40–42, 44, 57, 257–258
• Absolute monarchies, 252, 426–434, 449, 453–454, 470, 473, 475, 480, 491
• Absolutism, 424–425, 427–434, 436–443, 445–451, 453–459, 461–465, 467–474, 476–481, 483–493, 536, 540, 579, 582
• Abstract art, 702, 706
• Abu al-Abbas, 265
• Abu Bakr, 261, 268, 290
• Academy, 143, 330, 430, 434, 439, 458
• Aceh, 819
• Achilles, 129, 137
• Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, 859
• Acropolis, 131–132, 134, 140
• Act of Supremacy, 444 1534, 369
• Act of Union, 461
• Acupuncture, 89, 94, 317
• Adab, 27
• Adams, John, 462
• Adowa, battle of, 603, 739
• Adrianople, 170
• Adriatic Sea, 191, 227, 352, 476, 484, 488, 491–492, 581, 751
• Adulis, 287, 292–293
• Aegean civilization, 130
• Aeneas, 174
• Aeneid,
  • Virgil, 173–174
• Aeschylus, 145
• Afghan War, 801
• Afghanistan, 36, 63, 609, 671, 721, 778, 801–802, 815–816, 845, 874, 876, 894, 896–899, 906–907
• Africa,
  • agriculture in, 271
  • and Islam, 255, 257–260, 263, 284, 287- 289, 301–302
  • art, 272, 280, 301
  • Bantu migrations in, 282
  • Boers and, 602
  • civilization in, spread of, 263
  • civilization of, 8, 15, 21, 115, 263, 270–275
  • East Africa, 8, 263, 293–297, 303, 601, 603, 822
  • Ethiopia, 8, 601, 739
  • foreign imperialism, 684
  • Ghana and, 414
  • Great Zimbabwe and, 287, 297
  • imperialism, 593–594, 598–604, 685
  • kingdoms and, 217, 253, 255, 284, 287–292, 300, 415, 484, 491
  • language in, 287, 302
  • liberation of, 822
  • Mali and, 288
  • map of, 49, 263, 281, 287, 386, 413, 601–602
  • missionaries in, 371, 604
  • nationalism, 690, 821
  • population, 822, 858
  • regions of, 164, 255, 281, 284, 287, 293, 295, 304, 594, 598, 600, 604, 822, 892, 903
  • Sahara Desert and, 282
  • scramble for, 603
  • slave trade, 412, 414–415, 423, 600
  • Sokoto caliphate and, 599
  • trade routes in, 38, 49, 191, 277, 287, 389, 413
  • transition to independence, 826
  • Zulus and, 389, 603
• African Americans, 463, 522, 576–577, 685, 702, 705–706, 785, 876
• African National Congress, 907
  • ANC, 685, 855–856
• African slave trade, 403, 411, 416
  • with Portuguese, 412
• African societies, 284, 299–302, 414, 596
• Afterlife, 10, 29, 48, 50, 73, 235
  • Egyptian, 51–52, 58
• Age of Absolutism, 426
  • royal absolutism, 427, 444
• Age of revolution, 539
• Agricultural revolution, 211, 497–499, 532
• Agriculture,
  • domestication of animals, 10
  • early hominids and, 20
  • Egyptian, 55
  • in Africa, 271
  • in Britain, 612–613
  • in Europe, 211, 220
  • in India, 612–613
  • native Americans, 422
  • plow and, 211
• Ahimsa, 69–70, 72, 691
• Ahriman, 37
• Ahura Mazda, 37
• AIDS, 856, 859–860, 864, 870, 880, 882–885, 887–888, 895–896
• Ainu, 333
• Air pollution, 864
• Akbar, 308, 312–313
• Akhenaton, 40, 46, 52
• Akkad, 32
• Akkadian Empire, 32
• al Qaeda, 816, 820, 842, 874, 894, 897–899, 906
• al-Mansur, 266
• Al-Razi, 269, 274–275
• Alamo, 633
• Alaric, 170
• Alaska, 102, 441, 575, 879
• Albania, 651, 653, 665, 674, 745, 748, 769, 777, 808, 878–879, 907
• Albanians, 581, 608
• Albuquerque, Afonso de, 390
• Alchemy, 87, 377
• Alcoholism, 518
• Alcuin of York, 196
• Aleppo, 191
• Aleutian Islands, 763
• Alexander I, 486, 488
• Alexander II, 579, 583, 586
• Alexander the Great, 38, 54–55, 125, 148–149, 151–152
  • in Hellenistic period, 150
• Alexandria, 48, 55, 148–150, 161, 176, 181, 183–184, 191, 193, 284, 296, 303
• Algeciras, 219
• Algeria, 279, 284, 601–602, 607, 688, 745, 748, 758–759, 788, 822–825, 844, 896
• Algiers, 249, 759
• Ali, 262–263, 608
• All Quiet on the Western Front, 705
• Allende, Salvador, 870
• Alliance systems, 646–647, 649–651, 674
• Almoravids, 209
• Alpacas, 11, 111, 114
• Alphabet,
  • Cyrillic, 244
  • Greek, 39
  • Latin, 39, 687
  • Phoenician, 39
• Alsace, 436, 551, 570, 646, 648, 651, 664, 674
• Alternative energy, 883
• Amaterasu, 333
• Amazon, 103, 892
• America, colonial, independence, 461
• American Civil War, 528
• American Declaration of Independence, 234, 471
• American Federation of Labor, 577
• American Revolution, 1, 425, 450, 453, 460–465, 468, 471, 475, 480, 548–549, 587, 629
• Americas,
  • industrialization, 502
  • map of, 502
  • migrations to, 415
  • nationalism, 534
  • North America, 415, 461
  • South America, 415
• Amida, 44
• Amon, 283
• Amritsar Massacre, 691–692, 694
• Amsterdam, 391, 752–753
• Amu Darya, 322
• Anabaptists, 369, 373
• Analects, 85
• Anarchists, 557, 560

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