• Pueblo Bonito the largest Anasazi pueblo, built in New Mexico in the A.D. 900s

• Punjab state in northwestern India with a largely Sikh population

• purdah isolation of women in separate quarters

• Puritans members of an English Protestant group who wanted to “purify” the Church of England by making it more simple and more morally strict

• Pusan Perimeter a defensive line around the city of Pusan, in the southeast corner of Korea, held by South Korean and United Nations forces in 1950 during the Korean War; marks the farthest advance of North Korean forces

• putting-out system a system developed in the 18th century in which tasks were distributed to individuals who completed the work in their own homes; also known as cottage industry

Q

• Qajars members of the dynasty that ruled present-day Iran from the late 1700s until 1925

• Qing dynasty dynasty established by the Manchus in the mid 1600s and lasted until the early 1900s; China's last dynasty

• Quran the holy book of Islam

• quipu knotted strings used by Inca officials for record-keeping

R

• racism belief that one racial group is superior to another

• radicals those who favor extreme changes

• rajah in ancient India, the elected warrior chief of an Aryan tribe

• realism 19th-century artistic movement whose aim was to represent the world as it is

• Realpolitik realistic politics based on the needs of the state

• recession period of reduced economic activity

• Reconquista during the 1400s, the campaign by European Christians to drive the Muslims from present-day Spain

• refugee a person who flees from home or country to seek refuge elsewhere, often because of political upheaval or famine

• regionalism loyalty to a local area

• Reich German empire

• Reign of Terror time period during the French Revolution from September 1793 to July 1794 when people in France were arrested for not supporting the revolution and many were executed

• reincarnation in Hindu belief, the rebirth of the soul in another bodily form

• reparation payment for war damage, or damage caused by imprisonment

• repeal cancel

• republic system of government in which officials are chosen by the people

• revenue money taken in through taxes

• rhetoric art of skillful speaking

• rococo personal, elegant style of art and architecture made popular during the mid-1700s that featured designs with the shapes of leaves, shells, and flowers

• romanticism 19th-century artistic movement that appealed to emotion rather than reason

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